The CFTC disapproved a designated contract market's proposed options contract based on which political party will have control of Congress.

CFTC Commissioner Kristin N. Johnson expressed discomfort with the notion that investors could interact directly with other investors on an exchange without going through the intermediation of a futures commission merchant.

SEC Commissioner Mark T. Uyeda touted the benefits of new technologies for markets, investors and regulators. He argued that "[j]ust because something is new does not mean that regulators should fear it and preclude financial institutions from utilizing it."

The CFTC settled enforcement actions against three developers of decentralized finance or "DeFi" protocols.

The D.C. Court of Appeals vacated the SEC's disapproval of NYSE Arca's proposal to allow the listing and trading of shares of Bitwise Bitcoin ETP Trust and Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, both of which held bitcoin.